Mr. Trump, the official said, urged Prince Mohammed to settle the festering battle that pits Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates against Qatar. Mr. Trump had initially sided with the Saudis and Emiratis, echoing their claims that the Qataris finance extremism and terrorism around the region.
But as the feud has dragged on, the administration has become worried about the long-term effect on unity in the Persian Gulf, especially in the face of an emboldened Iran. Anthony C. Zinni, a retired Marine Corps general and the former head of the Central Command, recently toured the gulf to try to find ways to resolve the grievances.
Mr. Trump repeated his description of the Iran nuclear deal, negotiated by President Barack Obama, as the “worst deal ever,” the official said. But he did not preview what he plans to do about it, when he faces the next deadline in May.
“The Iran deal is coming up soon and you will see what will happen,” Mr. Trump told reporters. “Iran hasn’t been treating that part of the world, or the world appropriately.”
Prince Mohammed has cut his own wide swath in the Middle East over the last year, pushing through radical overhauls of Saudi society but also imprisoning more than 380 princes, businessmen and former government ministers in the Ritz-Carlton hotel in Riyadh, as part of an anticorruption campaign.
Saudi Crown Prince: Liberalizer or Authoritarian?
Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi Arabia’s de facto leader, has ushered in an era of modernization and social reforms in the kingdom. But the prince has also cracked down on those who could threaten his power.
Mr. Trump, who made his first overseas trip as president to Riyadh in May, has lavished praise on Prince Mohammed for his calls for tolerance and moderation, while largely ignoring his purge of the Saudi establishment.
Administration officials said Mr. Trump was focused on regional issues, like Iran’s aggression and tensions in the Persian Gulf, rather than on the internal crackdown, which has led to charges — denied by the Saudi government — that it used physical abuse to get people to surrender their assets.
Mr. Trump did raise humanitarian concerns in Yemen, an official said, though the White House has tried to head off a drive in Congress to reduce military aid for the bombing campaign. Since 2015, the United States has provided the Saudis in Yemen with air-to-air refueling, intelligence assessments and other military advice. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis has warned that cutting back that aid would harm the broader relationship.
The United States, a senior official said, has urged the Saudis, through diplomatic channels, to allow access to ports in Yemen for shipments of food and fuel. Refugee groups are calling on the president to take stronger action to ease the suffering of some three million people displaced by the fighting between the Yemeni government and Houthi rebels, who are backed by Iran.
Among those at the White House lunch were Vice President Mike Pence; the C.I.A. director, Mike Pompeo, recently nominated by Mr. Trump to succeed Rex W. Tillerson as secretary of state; and the national security adviser, Lt. Gen. H. R. McMaster. After the lunch, Prince Mohammed met with congressional leaders from both parties on Capitol Hill.
On Tuesday evening, Prime Mohammed had dinner with Jared Kushner, the president’s son-in-law and senior adviser; Jason D. Greenblatt, Mr. Trump’s special envoy for Middle East peace; and Michael Bell, the senior director for the Middle East at the National Security Council.
The three Americans briefed the prince on the status of their peace plan for the Israelis and Palestinians, which is nearly finished but has run into headwinds after Mr. Trump’s decision to recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.
Saudi Arabia condemned the move, which drove the Palestinians away from the bargaining table, and analysts said it was unlikely that Prince Mohammed would be able or willing to pressure the Palestinians to go back.
Mr. Kushner, 37, has cultivated a personal relationship with Prince Mohammed, 32, meeting him over dinner in Riyadh. But Mr. Kushner’s recent loss of his top-secret security clearance has raised questions about how deeply involved he will be in delicate national security issues.
For his part, Prince Mohammed will be soliciting $35 billion in American investment to accelerate his plan to overhaul Saudi Arabia’s infrastructure — part of his ambitious Vision 2030 plan, which seeks to modernize the kingdom and wean its reliance on oil.
Much of the itinerary on his two-week trip is outside Washington. He plans to travel to New York, Boston, Silicon Valley, Los Angeles and Houston, visiting companies that include Apple, Google and Lockheed Martin.
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